Evaluate that Consciousness is the Controller of the Lives of the Characters in James Joyce’s Novels

Consciousness refers to the continuous flow of thoughts, memories and awareness in the human mind. It covers a larger area of unrestricted mental activities. There are layers within layers in the human consciousness. This paper tends to show that there is no other controller of an individual but his or her own consciousness. The paper has been undertaken in hopes that the study would lead to a new knowledge and provide foundations or approaches to James Joyce, which would make his novels more understandable. It also examines how consciousness affects the characters’ participation in various activities. They are affected positively or negatively by their consciousness. Each of the layers of the human mind plays an important role in influencing and shaping human behavoiur. If a character does some work www.ijellh.com without thinking, he is unconsciously conscious. Events in memory are co-existed. They move backward and forward freely. Joyce’s novels are mimicry of mental activities going on in the minds of the characters: Stephen Dedalus, Leopold Bloom and Molly Bloom. The darker side of the mind is given more emphasis than the light side of our beings. He renders the ‘psyche’ or ‘soul’ of character accurately or truthfully. The interest shifts from the extrovert to introvert, from outer to inner. He tries to portray impressions flowing in conscious, subconscious and unconscious mind.

SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH ISSN: 2582-3574 Vol. 7, Issue 11, November 2019 60 https://doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10095 www.ijellh.com emerged in particular moment as dream. The dream is not absurd. It is actually a wish fulfillment. These three layers of mind are compared to an iceberg. Everything above the water represents conscious or awareness and everything below the water represents the preconscious and unconscious. Only 10% of an iceberg is visible (conscious) whereas 90% of an iceberg is under the water (preconscious and unconscious). The conscious is only a small part of the human psyche. Freud describes three agents of psychic apparatus: Id, Ego and Superego. Id is the source of bodily needs, impulses and repressed sexual urges. Id contains the libido which is the primary source of instinctual force. Freud calls it pleasure principle. It is the unconscious: inaccessible, chaotic and unorganized part of the mind. The next agent of psychic apparatus is ego. He calls it the reality principle. It intermediates between the id and the external world. It allows some of the id's desires to be expressed only when the consequences of these desires are acceptable in the society. The last one is super-ego. It is the moral of personality. Cultural and moral ideas and norms of behaviour form the super ego.
The behaviour of man is conducted by the forces lying deep within sub-conscious and unconscious. Thus human actions are bound to be determined more by the subconscious and the unconscious than by the conscious. The revolutionary theories of Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler and Carl Jung in the field of psychology stimulate the modern novelists in the early years of twentieth century. The stream of consciousness novel is identified most quickly by its subject matter.
This, rather than its techniques, its purposes, of its themes, distinguishes it. Hence, the novels that are said to use the stream of consciousness technique to a considerable degree prove, upon analysis, to be novels which have as their essential subject matter the consciousness of one or more characters; that is, the depicted consciousness serves as a screen on which the material in these novels is presented. (Humphrey 2) There are many issues of consciousness: how mental experiences arise from a physical entity, how mental states relate to our physical states, how consciousness relates to language. Stream of consciousness, from psychological perspective, describes metaphorically   Lynch, Cranly and Davin. He acknowledges he is taking a risk that may damn him. His conversation with his friends is as his conversation with the entire human race. It is revealed that he is ready for his flight from Dublin to Paris and his mother has now accepted this fact.
Thus you can see throughout the novel how circumstances evoke his mental processes, how Stephen's thoughts of his mother are so closely interwoven with thoughts of mutability that it is often difficult to separate them. In the Nighttown, he banishes the ghost of his mother.
When it appears, Stephen raises his ashplant and cries out 'Nothing' and the ghost disappears.
His mother's death burdens his soul with guilt. He is able to overcome his mental connection with his mother. Thus our consciousness is always stronger than the external factors.
Stephen, an elbow rested on the jagged granite, . . . in a dream she had come to him after her death, her wasted body within its loose brown grave-clothes giving off an odour of wax and rosewood, her breath, that had bent upon him, mute, reproachful, a faint odour of wetted ashes. Across the threadbare cuffedge he saw the sea hailed as a great sweet mother by the wellfed voice beside him. The ring of bay and skyline held Stephen's sensitiveness is shown through his sympathetic attitude to the misfit, unattractive and weakened-eyed boy Cyril Sargent who reminds Stephen of his own condition. In the beginning of the novel, we notice that Stephen is dissatisfied with his own look when he looks at himself in the mirror. His reaction of displeasure and disgust to his own visage is an early indication of his dissatisfaction with himself and his place in the world. He reacts prophetically in particular to Deasy's anti-semitism. In "Telemachus" episode Haines remarks: "I don't want to see my country fall into the hands of German jews either. That's our national problem, I'm afraid, just now." ( Ulysses 24) Like Haines Mr.
Deasy comments: England is in the hands of the Jews. In all the highest places: her finance, her press. And they are the signs of a nation's decay. Wherever they gather they eat up the nation's vital strength. I have seen it coming these years. As sure as we are standing here the jew merchants are already at their work of destruction. Old England is dying.

(Ulysses 36)
He says about the virtues of the English and the vices the Jews. According to him Jews "sinned against the light." (Ulysses 37) Though his anti-semitism is far from admirable, it is more easily pardoned than that of the English Haines.
Bloom remembers his son Rudy who died after only eleven days of his life. His thoughts always return to him. Hearing a mourner's criticism about suicide, Bloom's mind is disturbed as his own father had taken his own life. He remembers that it is almost the anniversary of his father's suicide. He remembers his dead son and dead father, he is also