Meaning and Meaning Making in Arabic: Moving from Semantics to Pragmatics to Ka:rmatics

Ka:rmik Linguistic theory is one of the most revolutionary theories in linguistics which aims to describe language from a causal perspective of WHY giving rise to WHAT through HOW: “As you are, so you think; as you think, so you speak (or act)” (Bhuvaneswar). In an adapted form, it can be modified as: As you are, so you think; as you think, so you mean. In his extension of semantics to ka:rmatics in dealing with proverb-meaning, Bhuvaneswar (2012) has shown a new dimension of meaning and meaning-making, namely, the causal dimension of creation, change, and transformation of meaning in language. According to Bhuvaneswar, if semantics deals with sentence meaning and pragmatics with utterance meaning, ka:rmatics (i.e., experiential pragmatics) explores experiential meaning via dispositional meaning of SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH e-ISSN: 2582-3574 p-ISSN: 2582-4406 VOL. 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2020 www.ijellh.com 48 contextual meaning (pragmatics) of sentential meaning (semantics). What this amounts to is a causal understanding of meaning as it is created, changed, and transformed as languages are evolved and developed: Language is as it is (i.e., lingual meaning is as it is) because of what it is (dispositionally) intended to do (i.e., to mean) what it does (i.e., means). In this paper, an attempt has been made by selecting two sentences used in real life Yemeni Arabic to show how meaning is derived. In the process, it will be shown how semantics becomes pragmatics and pragmatics becomes ka:rmatics.


Introduction
In the history of semantics, meaning has been studied from various aspects both in the east and the west. In the west, truth, use, and ideation (see the Wikipedia article on Meaning) are taken as the basis for studying meaning and in the east, meaning has been studied extensively at the word and sentence levels and such ideas as abhida (primary meaning of a word), sphota, apoha, anvitabhidana, abhihitanvaya, and vyanjana are proposed (see Kunjunni Raja 1963 for details). However, one important aspect which is disposition has been overlooked or not given enough treatment. Such a perspective will give rise to a new dimension in meaning-making and leads to an entirely new branch called Ka:rmatics (experiential pragmatics) as proposed by Bhuvaneswar (2009). In this paper, an attempt has been made to motivate meaning-making in a few recent neologisms from a ka:rmatic perspective. SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH e-ISSN: 2582-3574 p-ISSN: 2582-4406 VOL. 8, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2020 www.ijellh.com 49

Aims and Objectives
The aim of this paper is to study how new meanings are created and the objective of this paper is to investigate how meaning is made in a few recently developed new meanings in Yemeni Arabic and motivate it in the ka:rmatic framework of KLT.

2. Materials and Methods
The data investigated is collected from real Yemeni daily conversation. Each one of the examples given in section three has acquired new meaning. By applying the standard KLT procedure, the process will be motivated in Section III.

3. Research Question
How are sentential meanings created in Yemeni Colloquial Arabic?

4. Hypothesis
It is hypothesized that meaning is the product of Dispositional Creativity and Social Cognition by Variable Dispositional Cognition (PVDSC) of the Yemeni community in their creation of the new meanings for the collected samples.

4. Scope and Limitation
The scope of this is the few new emerging meanings that have gained wide publicity among Yemenis in 2017 and 2018 and is limited to such emergent meanings only.

5. Significance of the Study
The significance is it is the first time that Ka:rmatics is applied to Yemeni Arabic sentential meaning-making. the universe like rajju sarpa bhranthi (illusion of a snake on a rope) -here, a snake whose knowledge occurs from memory is seen on a rope (some other thing) by its adhya:sa (superimposition) through ignorance.
Vivarta (as the effect) is 'the apparent transformation (transfiguration) of one thing as another'. The seeing of a snake on a rope is not due to real transformation like milk into curd but due to an illusion; the moment a torch light is focussed on the apparent-snake, it vanishes into the rope. These two concepts are observed in the creation of new meaning and meaningmaking.

II. Literature Review
In the western tradition, there are many theories of meaning which can be divided on the basis of truth, usage and idea(tion The dialogue above shows that there is a conversation between B on the one hand and A, C, D on the other. B plays the role of a military leader throughout the dialogue. Notice that whenever B was told that someone has been killed or martyred, he (B) does not care at all. He just thinks being martyred or killed is a bliss or a privilege that qualifies the killed one to eat apple in the paradise. Religiously speaking, it is believed in Islam that martyr does not die at all. This is indicated in "(3:169) think not of those slain in the way of Allah as dead. *120 Indeed they are living, and with their Lord they have their sustenance" (al-baqarah, Holy Quran). Being alive, they can get " (20)the fruit they prefer"(al-waqeʕah, Holy Quran).Therefore, it can be said that the meaning of eating apple-apple being one type of fruit-is extended to mean "killed".

2. Patterning and Structuring
At the formal syntactic level, the sentences in (1) and (2) are of the type VSO word order (see Ryding 2005 for a detailed discussion of the structure of the verb's PNG and tense features). Our main interest here is not in the syntax of the sentences but in the process of how they have been used by extension of the referential meaning to give a new meaning.
From the analysis of the data, we observe that in (1), an actual social event that occurred became the basis for the creation of a new meaning; and in (2)

Concepts and Principles
When we causally investigate the creation of new meanings in (1) and (2), we find out that the process applies the following concepts and principles: 3. 3. 1. Concepts: Adhya:sam and Vivartam In the first example, wazzanak 'He weighted you', we find a cognitive process of adhya:sa (superimposition). Here, there are five issues: (1) weighing of the luggage along with the person -Real Life Incident; inference and abstraction of the meaning of 'getting cheated' from (1) (2) ru:pa:dhya:sam (form-superimposition) of (1) on some other similar incident -Metaphoric Cognition of an event (practice); (3) vivartam of (1) into the similar incident as (3) -Apparent Form-Transformation; (4) The jna:na:dhya:sam of the meaning of 'getting cheated' from (1) on (2)  'That P: That he was cheated by adding his weight also to the luggage' is cognized in the Cogneme Quadrant 3. Now, 'That P' became a special impression, gained salience and created a dispositional functional pressure (DFP) which triggered an impulsion to semiotically represent that meaning in language. Here, P DCr. and P EV come into play.