Lacuna of Primary Skills Among High School Students of South Coastal Districts in Andhra Pradesh

achieved skills of the students which is technically the term called as ‘Lacuna’. Most of the students are promoted to the next classes without achieving all the skills expecting by the SCERT. Gradually the difference between expected and achieved skills have been increasing by the students year by year. At this juncture, it is very much needed to fill the lacuna between expected and achieved skills among the students for the strong foundation of the students in the field of communication skills.


Introduction
The present paper covers the teaching and learning process of English language teaching in government schools of Andhra Pradesh. As the aim of the syllabus by the SCERT, Andhra Pradesh, the learners of English are expected to achieve proper communication skills to apply it in the global context. Bright and Marc Gregor (1978) have remarked that "there is no language learning without exposure" At this juncture mere knowledge of English, based upon listening, speaking, reading and writing directed towards acquisition of communication skills among high school students. The present study intended to find out the lacuna of primary skills in English language among the students at high school level. An Oxford dictionary defines lacuna as 'an absent part'. This paper portrays the percentage of expected and It is needed to find out whether there is any gender factor to have communication skills between male and female.
Importance of primary skills in English: LSRW aptitudes impact the accomplishment of a person. The four noteworthy abilities of language getting the hang of, tuning in, talking, perusing and composing offer the exact key to progress. Instructing of English language while ensuring accentuation on all these four abilities offer a phase for the students to improve their skill in this language well.
Listening, speaking, reading and writing are called skills in language. Listening and speaking are known as primary skills because even an illiterate also can be master over primary skills.
Whereas the secondary skills like reading and writing need some training and practice to be master over secondary skills.
Listening skill: Listening is the primary skill to learn a language. Of course we learnt our mother tongue, as the child knows nothing about language and the child completes much of the first language acquisition process within the first five years, depending exclusively on listening.
Nothing can be promenade unless it is listened. A born deaf cannot utter a sentence because he listens nothing. A Child lisps to imitate the parents or elders often a repeated listening.
Students recite again and again the same word taught by the teacher after careful listening in the classroom at the primary level. A good listener can develop a clear cognitive map in his mind and imitate or use the same sound when the occasion demands. As the first and the foremost skill of a language acquisition the role of listening skill is essential in classroom.
Listening, skill also plays the same role in the second language or the foreign language acquisition. The process of learning foreign language or second language includes discovering the rules of phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
According to the book 'Methods of Teaching English' listening ability can be cultivated through continues listening practice, both extensive and intensive. Extensive listening deals with exposure to a wide variety of structures and sounds. This type of listening makes the children to listen with understanding the language in their real life situations. In the same way, Intensive listening concern with just one or two specific points.  There are five phases associated with the listening aptitude i.e., Receiving, Understanding, Remembering, Evaluating, and Responding. These are the most regularly alluded in listening procedure to break down great correspondence since it helps exclusively the important abilities required to one another.
As the present age seems to be 'the hurrying to the spot' and the contemporary man has no opportunity to stand and gaze, one might not have quite a while to listen articulations.
Be that as it may, one cannot learn numerous things without tuning in. Be that as it may, listening has incredible significance in language securing. There is no uncertainty language learning starts with tuning in. As listening assumes a key job in learning first language, it likewise assumes a similar job in the subsequent language or unknown dialect securing.
Speaking skill: Speaking is fundamentally a gainful expertise. Talking is helped by certain highlights like pressure, inflection which go with the communicated in language articulation and from the piece of its significance, outward appearances and body developments. At the point when the talking is going on by any speaker, it is certain that he has been including in the correspondence procedure with some reason.
"The ability to speak a language is synonymous with knowing that language. Nevertheless, speaking in a second or foreign language has often been viewed as the most demanding of four skills," says Baily & Savage.
Speaking is a movement requiring the mix of many sub frameworks. Every one of these variables consolidate to make talking a second or unknown dialect an impressive for language students. Since the language is discourse, the most fundamental methods for human correspondence are language. Talking is an action requiring the incorporation of many sub frameworks like pressure, cadence, pitch, clearness of discourse and so forth. Talking is considered as a difficult and focal ability of the language.
"Speaking is an interactive process of constructing the meaning that involves producing, receiving, and processing the information," Brown.
Around the globe, youngsters need to go to class however tragically, the vast majority of the kids and youths in creating nations face boundaries to getting quality training. For some it might be one snag, for other people, there are numerous obstacles to bounce to have the option to go to class. Destitution is the most unavoidable factor keeping kids from going to class. Poor families are less ready to bear the cost of school charges, garbs and course books for the majority of the high school students. A kid in school cannot work to help bolster the family, and they have less time to help with family unit tasks like bringing water.
They are additionally substantially less prone to finish grade school. This boundary to instruction strengthens the cycle of destitution with the goal that the poor remain poor. A tyke experiencing childhood in a country network is likewise off guard in instructive chances and the hole among provincial and urban kids can be extremely enormous. A youngster growing up communicating in a minority language is more averse to adapt well when school is not led A total of 360 students are involved in this research survey. The data collection will be done through the use of a survey questionnaire. 360 students are selected randomly as the sample of the study. The sample consisted of 9 high school students who is studying their IX standard. 40 students were selected from each school, among forty students, twenty students Listening activity has been the most neglected area among the four language skills of the English at school level. It is noticed, due to misconception forced by many of us that this skill is imbibed with mental maturity (Dr.S.Priya). Listening skill can be acquired through the natural way just as the child learns its own mother tongue. But, since the students unable to listen English in the natural environment, Practice is the best method to be master over the listening skill in English language.
The acquisition of speaking skill in classroom situation seems to be satisfactory in the existing scenario at the high level of Andhra Pradesh. Introducing English medium at high school level leads to large theory classes where the lecturing method has been following today. As a result, there is a scope to practice speaking skill by the students in the classroom premises.  The above District students have more than average skills in speaking. On total the students are lagging behind to learn speaking skill with 49.52% lacuna. It is noticed that the main reasons for the lacuna of speaking skill are students have fewer opportunities to express their ideas in English language because of mother tongue domination in and around the school.

Conclusion
It is fact that there are many problems of learning primary skills in English language at primary school level. The practice of listening skill is not given proper place in the syllabus and curriculum. Using of bilingual method at the time of teaching is one more reason for the lack of proper listening skill among the students. It is noticed that the main reasons for the lacuna of speaking skill are students have fewer opportunities to express their ideas in English language because of mother tongue domination in and around the school. It is suggested that the task based and target oriented techniques must be include in the teaching and learning process at the high school level. English environment needed to create like English laboratories, English speaking clubs and other cultural activities in the school.