J.R.R. Tolkien: Pioneer of Worldbuilding

This paper explains after analysing critical aspects why J. R. R. Tolkien’s efforts are the mere reason for generating huge interests among authors in Fantasy. Among the most prominent novels of 20th century, for considering excellence in any fantasy literature his works stood as a benchmark. 
It also highlights about World Building. The greatest contribution belongs to Fantasy Literature is making of new worlds, providing new definition to fantasy and his esteem for different languages made him to use the Language as a constant to create the world from scratch. Tolkien may consider the creator of his own world – Middle-earth which acts as a Universe, it took around 60 years in the creation, has a deep meaning in everything which one can ever expect. He is a prolific artist and his created universe of own geography and history, flora and fauna, languages and cultures, physics and magic proved fine artist constructing the worlds.


1.
Introduction to J.R.R. Tolkien and his love for the languages A famous English writer J.R.R. Tolkien, whose full name was John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was highbrow person who achieved popularity and became very famous by his books The Hobbit and creatively rich heroic fantasy The Lord of the Rings. He was born on January 3rd ,1892 lived the rich, unparalleled legacy for 81 years by bringing out new definition for fantasy through creating entire new world, his works were so popularised that later he became the Father of Modern World. His bequest was not even ended when he left the world on September 2nd, 1973 as his works were published even after death by his son. He lived in small family in South Africa. After the death of his father, being a protestant before, his mother changed the religion to Catholicism and in the meantime, Tolkien was learning reading and writing from his mother. This was the first influence ever which made his perceptions on Catholic view more transparent. His works were considered outstanding and was achieving mastery in Latin and Greek involving many arts of education ,he started becoming competent in Middle English, Old Norse, Welsh, Old English notably Gothic, and later Finnish.
After their mother's demise, two brothers chose to serve as a Catholic saint. world building from where other authors could take the motivation and create their own works.
Afterwards the most creative and popular his first novel -The Hobbit, begun around 1930 and got published in 1937, which was considered as an era-change time for fantasy works. It was about a provincial guy Bilbo Baggins blessed with comfort life, who was being guided by Wizard Gandalf and along with thirteen dwarves (smaller relative of Man) they went to claim their long-forgotten treasure stolen by a deadly dragon named Smaug.
In his classic fantasy novel The Hobbit, Tolkien explained the adventure of Dwarves Company by narrating the poem as: The mountain smoked beneath the moon; The dwarves, they heard the tramp of doom. On their way to the quest, they encountered many goblins, trolls, wargs, and other perils; but they were lucky to found Eagles, or Beorn who were helping them as friends. At the time of tunnel passage, Bilbo met Gollum who possessed the Golden Ring but by playing riddle game he took the Ring and escaped. Hobbit highlighted this quest of stolen treasury with well-developed emotional characters which made it to grab immense popularity that people were asking for its sequel. This Ring will begin the stories of the Lord of the Rings trilogy. Tolkien delineated the destruction of ring in his masterpiece The Lord of the Rings as: One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them, One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.  According to him, it is the imaginative and innovative thinking ability of human brain combining the parts of the Original World (reality) in another means is considered as subcreation. And when the arrangement of these combination of elements are done, it results and seems like shaping of new Secondary World which induces the readers to evoke Secondary Belief that sub-creation is the successful claim of Secondary world. And it was indeed the Fairy Stories-the revealing justification of Tolkien's methodology and work in famous novel.
The Hobbit was a par excellence fairy-story, authors and readers found it as a high fantasy where the basic, fundamental and simple relations such as friendship and moral virtues were deeply exemplified and embedded in Bilbo Baggins. Ordinary man turning into hero was more eyes catching than ever any realist novelist made it before. It considered the very vital part of unreal world the unique creation of the tale or stories. Tolkien made his world "Middle Earth", he revealed his intentions through "Middle Earth" which was considered as the first fantasy novel truly justifying the reality of the secondary world. And acceptability of his own world was more comforting and real; he invented folklore, histories, languages and the maps and gave familiar touches to the Middle Earth so that it won't seem too strange and frightening. So, in this way, he carried the Unreal World shows the relationships, politics, love, realism, fantasy, wars in a very fantastic manner. This was the reason why he called as "The Father of Fantasy" because the only world he created was the "Middle Earth" but it took decades in making and creating of this world which has an equal depth and details to which other writers and people as well as children could ever imagine.

Elements of world building
The main fact and foremost feature is that Tolkien believed in ingredients value in making his own world. He took genres like High Fantasy, Low Fantasy, Dark Fantasy, Realism, Heroic fantasy which involves many key elements to bring Fictional World alive.
Religion, Philosophy and Mythology -while building another world, almost all the authors started using the real-world inspiration. The word magic was not used explicitly however used as an 'elvish craft'. Magic was divided into soft (don't concern about rules and limitation) and hard magic (which concerns about the rules and limitations). In Politics it involves the dictatorship, monarchy, empire, democracy, theocracy, oligarchy, federation.
Another aspect of World Building was conflict, wars, culture, religion, customs, rituals, languages, history, achievements etc. As the real world has history of each and everything likewise in the fantastic world exists, the long history behind the stories. Another one is the technology which has the visionary ability for creating works beyond the imagination of the common people.
The very important fact of this world is the language and people with different appearances and strange creatures such as trolls, goblins, orcs, giants and other deadly beings.

Conclusion
Tolkien was a creator of fantasy world. His passion for learning and creating new languages made him to form his own world that only few authors can achieve.
He has outstanding insights into the world of fantasy and illusion that whatever works have been published by him had a universal appeal and that is why there are abundance of such types of books. His works were the beginning of breaking the barriers of old fantasy ideas.
The mere concept of Fairy Story turned out to be the beginning of the prestigious and most influential book ever which led the invention of world building, the image of Middle Earth which was a complex yet separated and independent for readers as well as for authors but the major part of attraction was the sub-creation. Tolkien, J.R.R. On Fairy stories ( 1939 rev. 1964)