A Critical Exploration of the Ideals of Marxist Approach in the Poetic Works of Faiz Ahmed Faiz and Kaifi Azmi

This paper aims to objectify Marxist tendencies in the poetry of Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi, the illustrious, revolutionary poets of the post-imperial era who have dedicated their art to resist against anarchy, tyranny, capitalism and misrule, and to create an utopian society where peace and equality would prevail. The paper is an endeavor to show how Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi were influenced by Marxist ideology and how they wanted the world to be a better place. However, these poets belonged to different social, political and cultural contexts. These poets have projected their Marxist utopian vision in reaction to capitalist hegemony in their respective social order. The sufferings and resistance of the oppressed were depicted by them. This paper also discusses the influence of Marxism on Romantic literary attitude and how these poets dropped their romantic approach for resistance.


Introduction
Marxism is a social, economic and political theory that is named after Karl Marx whose goal was to build a society without class, and which examines how capitalism affects labor, production and economic growth. It promotes the overthrowing of capitalism by a working class revolution and the development of a socialist society. According to Karl Marx, classes in society are the origin of conflict and that societies must be free of classes. Marxism is the theory of downtrodden resistance to capitalism. The main founders of Marxism were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. In the Pamphlet 1848, "The Communist Manifesto" written by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, Marxism was first made public outlining the philosophy of class-conflict and revolution. The radical attitude of Marxism emphasizes the potential of the marginalized to withstand and change the oppressive system. Marxism aims at organizing a society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the laboring class. Faiz has firm belief that a day will come when reign of the capitalists will be perished.
The tyranny of the system will come to an end by the power of the weak, the poor and the helpless underdogs and the power of the people will be established. It is evidently seen in his poem "We Shall See" (Hum Dekhenge).
During Lenin's rule, Russia underwent a great revolution in 20 th century. This revolution took place through the workers, peasants and the oppressed masses and then the communist government established in 1917. The purpose of this movement was to abolish capitalism and to give peasants and the workers their rights. Even prison bars could not capture Faiz's mind. There was a period of dictatorship in Pakistan. All the strict restrictions and strict arrests were imposed by the government due to which he was imprisoned but he did not give up. Revolutionary, Marxist and Communist tendencies were still present in his heart and mind. That is why Faiz has created revolutionary tendencies in his poetry. Dast-e-Saba and Zindan Nama were written in jail. This was the golden period for his literary thoughts. Faiz in an interview says about jail: "Going to jail, as I have earlier observed, was like falling in love again. Not that the jail was a particularly suitable place to write, only one had a lot of time to think and put one's thoughts in verse"(Herald, 14 July 2019).
In (p-52) Kaifi was a Marxist poet whose poetry was highly influenced by communist ideals.
He was poet and savior of the poor, worked vigorously for downtrodden and, along with his fellow poets, engaged actively in protests and marches, agitating with the workers. He encouraged the workers to stand against the exploiter industrialists. He wrote in one of his They were great poets of love and revolution and were prominent and enthusiastic voice in support of democratic change. Faiz and Kaifi Azmi have always fought to bring an end to injustice, oppression, tyranny and inequality. Outcome: This paper is an endeavor to show how Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi were influenced by Marxist ideology and how they wanted the world to be a better place.
However, these poets belonged to different social, political and cultural contexts. These poets have projected their Marxist vision in reaction to capitalist hegemony in their respective social order. The sufferings and resistance of the oppressed were depicted by them. This paper also discusses the influence of Marxism on Romantic literary attitude and how these poets dropped their romantic approach for literature.

Conclusion and Suggestion:
Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Kaifi Azmi had an ever-lasting faith in Marxist ideology believing that revolution is the only key to establish an utopian society. They seem to provoke underdogs to raise voice for their rights and fight against their exploitation. Their poems were deeply shaped through their Marxist reading of class consciousness.